4. 能源效率和供热转型——德国与欧洲案例.pdf
Energy efficiency and the heat transition examples from Germany and Europe 能源效率和供热转型——德国与欧洲案例 Dr. Jan Steinbach IREES - Institute for Resource Efficiency and Energy Strategies Steinbach博士, IREES——资源效率与能源战略研究所 National Energy Conservation Center, 11/12/2018 国家节能中心,2018年12月11日 Content 内容 Challenge 挑战 Energy efficiency in buildings and industry 建筑和工业能效 Sustainable heating solutions 可持续供热解决方案 © IREES GmbH 1 Energy efficiency is the key for the energy transition 能效是能源转型的核心 Hypothetical primary energy demand without efficiency gains 假设没有效率增益的一次能源需求 Actual development of primary energy demand in Germany 德国一次能源需求的实际发展 © IREES GmbH 2 Final energy demand by end-uses and sector 终端用户及各行业的最终能源需求 Services 服务业 16 % Industry 工业 26 % Space heating 空间供热 75 % Households 家庭 30 % Transport 交通 26 % Hot water 热水 12 % Final Energy demand Germany 德国最终能源需求 © IREES GmbH 3 Appliances and lighting 家电及照明 13 % Transition of the heating and cooling sector 供热制冷领域的转型 Heating and cooling transition 供热制冷转型 Almost complete decarbonisation of H/C supply 80-95 % reduction of CO2 emissions by 2050 compared to 1990 供热制冷供给基本完全脱碳 到2050年二氧化碳排放相较1990的水平将减少80-95%的排放 Deploy RES supply technologies 可再生能源供给技术的应用 Direct use of renewable energies 直接利用可再生能源 © IREES GmbH 4 Energy efficiency Sector coupling 能源效率 方式的耦合 „Energy Efficiency First“ “能效优先” Use of power-to-heat and district heat 发展电制热和区域供热 Energy efficiency policy: What delivers? 能效政策:传递了什么? Energy efficiency in buildings 建筑能效 © IREES GmbH 5 Two third of building stock has been built before first building code regulation / 三分之二的存量建筑建于第一部建筑规范出台前 空间供热及热水的最终能源需求(太瓦时) © IREES GmbH 6 非住宅类公共建筑 非住宅类私人建筑 1948年之前 独户住宅 多户住宅 办公用房 零售业 教育用途 医院 其他非住 宅类建筑 KfW Energy Efficient Refurbishment programme 德国复兴信贷银行(KfW)节能改造项目 住宅数量 • • • • • • • • © IREES GmbH 7 每年最终能源需求节约量 Budget: 1.2 to 2 billion €/year Measures in 2.6 million dwellings since 2005 ~ 6 % of residential building stock Final energy demand savings of 18.7 TWh ~ 3.5 % of residential heating demand Establish a brand / building standard 预算:12-20亿欧元/年 自2005年至今共有260万套住宅实施了节能改造: ~ 6%存量住宅 节约最终能源需求18.7TWh: ~ 3.5%住宅供热需求 建立品牌/建筑标准 最终能源需求节约量( GWh ) 千套住宅 18.7 TWh IREES Project: Energy efficient refurbishment of residential buildings block Taking into account technical innovations, economic and social aspects IREES项目:住宅建筑节能改造(综合考虑技术创新、经济性和社会效应) Interviews of relevant stakeholders 采访相关利益方 Written surveys 书面调查 Objective measurements in the apartments 对公寓的客观测量 Testing of modular methods 模块化方法测试 • e.g. exterior walls as a thermally activated facade and as an energy store 例如把外墙用作热激活立面和能源存储室 © IREES GmbH 8 Socioscientific accompaniment 辅以社会科学 § participative approach 参与式方法 § mixed-method: subjective + objective data混 合式方法:主观+客观数据 Energy efficiency policy: What delivers? 能效政策:传递了什么? Energy efficiency in industry 工业能效 © IREES GmbH 9 Main energy efficiency policy industrial sector in the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan /《国家能效行动计划》中工业领域的主要节能政策 Energy Management / Energy audits 能源管理 / 能源审计 § obligatory energy audit or introduction of a management system § 50 000 companies § 强制性能源审计或引入能源管理系统 § 50 000家企业 500 Energy Efficiency Company Networks 500个企业能效网络 • • • • • • © IREES GmbH 10 Funding schemes for energy efficiency measures Support of excess heat utilization Funding schemes for energy audits (SME) • 30 000 energy audits since 2008 节能措施资助计划 支持余热利用 能源审计资助计划(中小企业) • 自2008年至今共资助3万次能源审计 Evaluation and implementation of Energy Efficiency Company networks by IREES / IREES实施评估企业能效网络 Total: 3600 energy efficiency measures in 共实施3600项节能措施 § Average measures per production site 每个生产现场平均的措施: § 19 Measures, of which 10 profitable (internal rate of return ≥ 12%) § 19项措施,其中10项措施实现盈利(内部回报率≥ 12%) § § § § § § 2.700 MWh/a Energy savings / 节能:2700 兆瓦时每年 940 t/a CO2 reduction / 二氧化碳减排: 940 吨每年 580.000 € Investment / 投资: 58万欧元 180.000 € yearly energy cost savings / 能源成本年均节省:18万欧元 rate of internal return of all profitable measures 31% / 所有实现盈利的 措施内部回报率:31% CO2reduction with substantial profits not with losses 二氧化碳减排并不意味着增加成本,反而可以带来可观的利润 © IREES GmbH 11 Implementation examples / 实施案例 Measures identified and implemented within energy efficiency company networks 企业能效网络内部确定并实施的措施 Efficiency Measures: 节能措施: Heat recovery of compressed air generation 空压机热回收 Investment / 投资: Energy savings: 节能效果: 20.000 € (2万欧元) 63 MWh/a 30 % of fossil fuels for heating 63 MWh/a 节约 30 %用于供热的化石燃料 Profitability: Internal rate of return: 21 % Payback time ~ 4 years © IREES GmbH 12 效益: 内部收益率:21 % 投资回收期:~ 4年 Foto : nold.de Plastic processing - Energy consumption ca. 2.120 MWh/a 塑料加工——能耗约为2120 兆瓦时每年 Implementation examples / 实施案例 Measures identified and implemented within energy efficiency company networks 企业能效网络小组内部确定并实施的措施 Data Center 数据中心 Efficiency measure: 节能措施: Investment / 投资: Energy savings / 节能效果: Profitability: IRR: 63 % Payback time: 1.6 years 效益: 内部收益率:63% 投资回收期:1.6年 © IREES GmbH 13 Modernisation of cooling systems 配备现代化制冷系统 157,000 €(15.7万欧元) Energy / 节能: 820 MWh CO2 Emissions / 二氧化碳减排: 379 t Energy costs / 节省能源成本:98 400 € (9.84万欧元) Ongoing project Interflex4Climate 正在实施的项目:Interflex4Climate Energy efficiency and demand side management of industrial parks / 工业园能效与需求侧管理 Energy efficiency 能效 Increase energy efficiency § Optimization of efficiency measures, heating grids within industrial zones § Utilisation of excess heat 提高能效 § 优化节能措施,工业园内供热管 网 § 余热利用 © IREES GmbH 14 Demand Side Management 需求侧管理 Business areas for DSM § Balancing energy market § Management of network congestion § Load shifting considering volatile RES generation 需求侧管理业务领域 § 平衡能源市场 § 管理网络阻塞 § 由于可再生能源发电的不稳定实行移 峰填谷 Business models 商业模式 New business models § Ensuring security of supply § Minimize administrative efforts for companies § Establish new business models 新型商业模式 § 保证供给安全 § 尽量减少企业行政工作 § 建立新型商业模式 Green Industrial park and climate-neutral soccer stadium in the city of Freiburg 【本页原版】 • • Industrial park • 300 ha area , 500 companies • 20 % of electricity consumption of the city • 10 % of Greenhouse gas emissions of the city Pilot projects and research activities § § § Innovation and efficiency cluster: cooperation of companies investing in digitalisation, e-mobility and Infrastruktur-Trägergesellschaft ITG innovative energy efficiency solutions Ø Investitionen in eigene, gemeinsame Infrastruktur und Joint infrastructure company for investing in heating networks and cross company smart communication elements Kommunikationselemente Ø Risikoreduzierung -> Investition, Betrieb, Rückbau durch ITG Excess heat supply for city quarter and new stadium of Ø Mitgliedschaft an ITG und „Installationsorte“ Bundesliga club SC Freiburg § 80 GWh excess heat supply at 48° C • Networking of committed companies as well as individual company solutions • Establishing Green Industry Park as brand with high degree of identification © IREES GmbH 15 Green Industrial park and climate-neutral soccer stadium in the city of Freiburg / 弗莱堡绿色工业园和气候零负荷足球场 Industrial park • • 300 ha area , 500 companies • 20 % of electricity consumption of the city • 10 % of Greenhouse gas emissions of the city Pilot projects and research activities • § § § Innovation and efficiency cluster: cooperation of companies investing in digitalisation, e-mobility and innovative energy efficiency solutions § Joint infrastructure company for investing in heating networks and cross company smart communication elements 工业园 § 300公顷, 500家企业 § 电力消费占全市20% § 温室气体排放占全市10% 试点项目及研究活动 § 创新和能效集群:企业合作,对数字化、电动汽车和创新性能效解决方案进行投资 § 联合基础设施公司对供热管网和跨企业智能通信进行投资 © IREES GmbH 16 Green Industrial park and climate-neutral soccer stadium in the city of Freiburg / 弗莱堡绿色工业园和气候零负荷足球场 § Excess heat supply for city quarter and new stadium of Bundesliga club SC Freiburg § § 80 GWh excess heat supply at 48° C 城区和德甲弗莱堡足球俱乐部新建球场废热利用 § Infrastruktur-Trägergesellschaft ITG 最大80吉瓦时每年 Ø Investitionen in eigene, gemeinsame Infrastruktur und 地下水抽取 Kommunikationselemente 2 Ø Risikoreduzierung -> Investition, Betrieb,索尔维Solvay Rückbau durch ITG Ø Mitgliedschaft -4000-6000m2an /h ITG und „Installationsorte“ 换热站 废热热量80吉瓦时,温度为48℃ 最大400m /h 最高温度25℃ 热传导 展会 管理处新楼 新球场 • Networking of committed companies as well as individual company solutions • Establishing Green Industry Park as brand with high degree of identification • 企业网络及个性化企业解决方案 • 建立绿色工业园,打造高认同度品牌 © IREES GmbH 17 地下水 10-12℃ Sustainable heating 可持续供热 © IREES GmbH 18 Helsinki, Finland: Combined heating and cooling plant 芬兰赫尔辛基:冷热联产设备 § § § Largest combined heating and cooling plant 90 % connection rate Integration of large heat pumps § § § 最大的冷热联产设备 连接率90 % 接入大型热泵 太阳能 多种燃料 生物质能 热电联产 免费能量源 © IREES GmbH 19 污水处理厂 生物质能 储热 冷热联产CHC 蓄 冷 数据中心 Helsinki, Finnland: Combined heating and cooling plant 芬兰赫尔辛基:冷热联产 § § Integration of 5 x 16,8 MW heat pumps in existing heating and cooling network 在现有冷热联产网中集成5个功率为16.8兆瓦的热泵 冬季运行模式 区域集中 供热网络 区域 制冷 网络 Heat pumps for preheating of return flow: Heat source: cooling network, waste and sea water COP: 3,51 热泵用于回流的预热 热源:制冷网、废水和海水 能效比COP: 3.51 5个UNITOP®50FY 型热泵 Sömainen港口 污水管道 典型流程图 © IREES GmbH 20 Sömainen港口 Helsinki, Finnland: Combined heating and cooling plant 芬兰赫尔辛基:冷热联产 § § Integration of 5 x 16,8 MW heat pumps in existing heating and cooling network 在现有冷热联产网中集成5个功率为16.8兆瓦的热泵 夏季运行模式 区域集中 供热网络 区域 制冷 网络 Heat pumps cover cooling demand and feed-in heat with 88°C in heating network COP: 2,96 热泵满足制冷需求,供热管 网进水温度达88℃ 能效比COP:2.96 5个UNITOP®50FY 型热泵 Sömainen港口 污水管道 典型流程图 © IREES GmbH 21 Sömainen港口 „Smart district heating“ Denmark 丹麦“智能区域供热” § § § § § § Optimal integration of different renewable options with district heating and local electricity generation Components § Solar collector field § Biomass ORC plant § Bio-oil Heating plant § Large heat pump Economic feasible 100 % heating supply § Heat generation costs 50–60 €/MWh 选择不同的可再生能源与区域供热、地方 发电的最优组合 包括太阳能集热板、生物质有机朗肯循环 (ORC)电站、生物燃油热力站、大型热 泵 经济可行性:100%满足供热需求 § 供热成本: 50 – 60欧元/兆瓦时 © IREES GmbH 22 开放自由的 电力市场 5% 55 % 二氧化碳 压缩热泵 33°C / 40°C 45 % 1.5兆瓦热能(热) 33365m2(234兆瓦热能) 太阳能集热站 (采光面积) 消费者 生物质热电联产 3个生物燃油锅炉 76°C / 3.3兆瓦热能 118.3兆瓦热能 75000m3 蓄热池 0.8兆瓦热能 72°C IREES as enabler of energy efficiency and sustainable energy supply IREES助力节能与可持续能源供给 Make it happen / 创造可能 Development of sound policy strategies and framework conditions / 制定健全政策和框架条件 IREES clients: European Commission, Federal Ministries Germany, Europe and South America IREES客户:欧盟委员会,德国联邦各部委,欧洲和南美 Energy scenarios and smart energy models 能源情景和智慧能源模型 Human-technology interaction 人类技术的交互 Energy management and strategies 能源管理及战略 资金 信息 管理 偏好 法规 技术 Make it work / 保证效果 Implementation and accompanying pilot projects – Technology and social acceptance 试点项目实施与跟踪:技术和社会接受度 IREES clients / partners: industrial companies, housing companies, municipalities, associations IREES客户/合作伙伴:工业企业,建筑企业,市镇政府及协会 © IREES GmbH 23 Recent international publications 近期国际刊物 http://www.irees.de/ireesen/inhalte/projekte/abgeschlossen/GFuebergreifend/Review-SDG7.php © IREES GmbH 24 http://www.progressheat.eu Thank you for your attention 感谢您的聆听 Beijing, 11 December 2018, 北京,2018年12月11日 Dr. Jan Steinbach Managing Director IREES GmbH - Institute for Resource Efficiency and Energy Strategies Steinbach博士 资源效率与能源战略研究所(IREES) 总经理 j.Steinbach@irees.de http://www.irees.de/ireesen/inhalte/mitarbeiter/steinbach-j.php

4. 能源效率和供热转型——德国与欧洲案例.pdf 




