国际设计学院大学英语教研室王飞—大学英语III.pdf
国际设计学院大学英语教研室王飞—大学英语III.pdf
Unit4 Cultural Exchanges College English Teaching& Research Department 大英教研室 王飞 Gengdan Academy of Design UNIT 4 Listening and speaking Reading Grammar Writing Culture express Contents Part One：Listening&Speaking Week 9 l l Review l News report l Conversation l Passage Homework Learning Goals & key Points: By the end of this lesson , you will be able to 1. Get familiar with words and information related to cultural communications; 2. Acquire skills of identifying key words or phrases in listening; 3. Apply the functional language of clarification in speaking; 填空题 2分 Review Exercise：Complete the words in the following sentences according to the initial letter and meaning prompts. (根据首字母和含义提示，将下列句中的单词补充完整) 1. We believe that peace and development is the m____________ [填空1] （主流）of the world. the Belt and Road Initiative 正常使用填空题需3.0以上版本雨课堂 作答 填空题 2分 2. A lot of soldiers in Ukraine s_________ [填空1](牺牲) their lives to protect their motherland in the past eight months. 正常使用填空题需3.0以上版本雨课堂 作答 填空题 2分 3. Every i_________ [填空1](居民）here has an obligation to pay taxes. 正常使用填空题需3.0以上版本雨课堂 作答 填空题 2分 4. The government needs to l_________ [填空1] （批准、许可） the company to produce new drugs to treat COVID-19 . 正常使用填空题需3.0以上版本雨课堂 作答 填空题 2分 5. The m_______ [填空1] (神话) of Troy（特洛伊） originated in ancient Greek and spread to other countries. 正常使用填空题需3.0以上版本雨课堂 作答 Listen to a news report and choose the best answer to each of the questions. 1 Where were the cultural communication activities held? A. At the Palace Museum. B. At a museum in Sydney. Word tips C. At four local schools in Sydney. hit n. 很受欢迎的事物 D. At China Cultural Centre in Sydney. interactive a.互动的 highlight n. 最精彩的部分 Malta 马耳他（欧洲南部岛国） Listen to a news report and choose the best answer to each of the questions. 2 What was the highlight of the activities? A. Making local crafts. B. Exhibiting a dragon robe. C. Adding color to pictures. D. Introducing a Chinese treasure. 3 What is the news report mainly about? A. A discovery in the Forbidden City. B. The collections in the Palace Museum. C. The significance of cultural communication. D. Cultural communication through activities. Background Information： 1. 2. 3. 4. Palace Museum 故宫博物院 Forbidden City 紫禁城 Sydney 悉尼 crafting activities 手工制作活动 Additional Words: sponsor v. 赞助 promote v. 促进、提升 5. dragon robes 龙袍 6. Singapore 新加坡 7. Thailand 泰国 The Forbidden City（故宫） Palace Museum（故宫博物院） 单选题 1分 1. Where were the cultural communication activities held? A At the Palace Museum. B At a museum in Sydney. C At four local schools in Sydney. D At China Cultural Centre in Sydney. 提交 单选题 1分 2. What was the highlight of the activities? A Making local crafts. B Exhibiting a dragon robe. C Adding color to pictures. D Introducing a Chinese treasure. 提交 单选题 1分 3. What is the news report mainly about? A A discovery in the Forbidden City. B The collections in the Palace Museum. C The significance of cultural communication. D Cultural communication through activities. 提交 Listen to a news report and choose the best answer to each of the questions. 1 Where were the cultural communication activities held? A. At the Palace Museum. B. At a museum in Sydney. Word tips C. At four local schools in Sydney. hit n. 很受欢迎的事物 D. At China Cultural Centre in Sydney. interactive a.互动的 highlight n. 最精彩的部分 Malta 马耳他（欧洲南部岛国） Listen to a news report and choose the best answer to each of the questions. 2 What was the highlight of the activities? A. Making local crafts. B. Exhibiting a dragon robe. C. Adding color to pictures. D. Introducing a Chinese treasure. 3 What is the news report mainly about? A. A discovery in the Forbidden City. B. The collections in the Palace Museum. C. The significance of cultural communication. D. Cultural communication through activities. Scripts: In recent years, the Palace Museum culture has become a hit. “Discover the Forbidden City” is an interactive experience sponsored by China Cultural Centre in Sydney and the Palace Museum. As part of the experience, cultural communication activities were held at four local schools in Sydney from November 21 to November 22. They aimed to increase local students’ understanding of Chinese culture. At the events, two lecturers introduced the cultural resources in the Palace Museum in English. After the introduction, crafting activities including adding color to pictures shaped like dragon robes became the highlights Scripts: of the event. Australia is the fourth station of the interactive experience tour following Malta, Singapore and Thailand. The Palace Museum will continue to organize more interactive activities to promote its collections and Chinese culture. 1 Listen to a conversation and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). 1 The woman is pretty sure about what to give as gifts. 2 In China, people don’t give clocks as presents, especially to older people. 3 Actually, the Chinese don’t give flowers as gifts. Word tips Andrew 安德鲁（男子名） connotation n. 隐含意义 Additional Words: 1. clarification n. 澄清、阐明 2. decoration n. 装饰、装饰品 3. connotation n. 隐含意义 4. taboo n. 禁忌 1 Listen to a conversation and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). F 1 The woman is pretty sure about what to give as gifts. T 2 In China, people don’t give clocks as presents, especially to older people. F 3 Actually, the Chinese don’t give flowers as gifts. Word tips Andrew 安德鲁（男子名） connotation n. 隐含意义 2 Listen to the conversation again and check (✔) the expressions used by the speakers for clarification. 1 Hang on — did you say …? 2 Could you say that again, please? 3 Do you mean …? 4 What do you mean by that? 5 Can you explain that? 6 Would you clarify that, please? Scripts: Alice: Hey, Li Lei. Andrew and I have been invited to a Chinese home for dinner. We wonder what gifts to take. Li Lei: What do you have in mind? Alice: I’m thinking about some decorations, such as flowers, a clock, and … Li Lei: Hang on, did you say “clock”? Uh, actually we don’t give clocks as presents, especially to older people. Alice: Do you mean it’s a bad idea to give clocks as presents? But why? Li Lei: Well, they have a funeral connotation in China. Scripts: Alice: Can you explain that? Li Lei: The Chinese pronunciation of “clock” is the same with that of “end”. The latter one usually suggests a person’s death. So presenting a clock as a gift is a taboo. Alice: I see. But giving flowers is okay, right? Li Lei: Yes, that would be fine. Alice: Thanks for your advice. Li Lei: You’re welcome! 3 Role-play a conversation in pairs according to the situation. You may refer to the Functional language. Situation A is going to spend the winter holiday in a northern city of China for the first time, so he / she is asking B, a northerner, what he / she needs to take. 3 Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the situations. You may refer to the Functional language. Guided conversation A: Ask B if he / she could tell you something about … A: Say sorry for being late / absent (缺席). B: Give A some information. B: Accept A’s apology (道歉) and ask about the reason. A: Check with B about he /forshe said. A: Tell Awhat the reason being late / absent. B: Express understanding. B: Confirm A’s understanding. A: Show thanks. A: Ask B to give more specific information. B: Give more information. A: Express thanks. 3 Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the situations. You may refer to the Functional language. Asking for clarification When you are unclear about someone’s meaning: • Hang on — did you say …? • Do you mean …? • Could you repeat that please? • I beg your pardon? I didn’t hear you. • So what you are saying is that …? 3 Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the situations. You may refer to the Functional language. Asking for clarification When you want more specific information: • Can you explain / clarify that? • Could you please give me a few examples? • Can you tell me something about …? • Would you elaborate on that? • Could you be more specific? Sample conversation Lily: Hi, John. I am planning to visit Beijing, and this is my first time. I was wondering if you could tell me something about Beijing since you have been there before. John: Sure. It’s my pleasure. Lily: What is the weather like there? John: It’s usually very cold and dry in winter. You should bring a down coat with you. And there are so many beautiful scenic spots in Sample conversation Beijing. You’d better plan out in advance. Lily: Could you be more specific? John: Before you go to visit the scenic spots, you should get to know the route and the means of transportation the day before. It will save you time. You can also gather some information about the places you’re going to visit. Lily: I see. Thank you. 1 Listen to a passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. 1 According to the passage, when do English people shake hands? A. When they meet friends they see every day. B. When they meet each other for the first time. C. When they meet each other in formal situations. D. When they meet friends returning from their travels. Word tips custom n. 风俗；习惯 regularly ad. 经常 1 Listen to a passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. 2 What is the topic of the passage? A. Different ways of greeting. B. Ways to learn different customs. C. Customs of greeting in different countries. D. The importance of knowing some customs. 2 Listen to the passage again and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). T F F F 1 The customs of Germany are quite different from those of the U.K. 2 The German students went to England for a competition. 3 The German students kept their hands behind their backs because they didn’t like the English students. 4 The English students didn’t know that Germans shake hands a lot. Scripts: Customs are often different from country to country. Take greeting for example. When people meet each other for the first time in England, they say “How do you do?” and shake hands. They, however, don’t do so if they see each other regularly. Differently, Germans are great hand-shakers. People have known that it is helpful to learn some of the customs of other countries before going abroad. But sometimes funny stories still happen. Last year, a group of German students went to England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands. So when they met their English friends at the station, they kept their hands Scripts: behind their backs. The English students, however, had learned that the Germans shake hands as often as possible, so they put their hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh. Homework 1. Review the words and functional language 2. Preview the words the content of reading passage A Unit4 Cultural Exchanges Week 10-11 Gengdan Academy of Design Contents Part Two-Reading Does travel broaden the mind? A Chinese saying goes “Read ten thousand volumes of books and travel ten thousand li.” Books expose us to things beyond our imagination and enable us to meet the greatest minds in human history. But many may prefer to, with the use of the five senses, see the splendid scenery, taste exotic foods, and experience a life which is completely different from the one they have. Yet whether reading or traveling, if we aspire to broaden our minds, we need to be ready to embrace things that might go against what we’re used to. In this sense, both reading and traveling are the process of discovering cross-cultural differences and increasing cross-cultural understanding. So, are you ready to set out on your cross-cultural journey? Does travel broaden the mind? Ø Lead-in Ø Text-study Ø Exercises > Lead-in l Pre-reading l Video appreciation > Pre-reading Work in groups and discuss the questions. 1 What is the most interesting travel experience you’ve ever had? Reference answers My most interesting travel experience is my tour in Hawaii with my friend. Hawaii is a beautiful place, and we took many pictures and videos there. Our Hawaii activities ranged from land and air tours, night-time entertainment shows, surfing, and snorkeling to enjoying the famous food there. All of these activities are exciting and impressive. > Pre-reading Work in groups and discuss the questions. 2 What do you like or dislike about traveling? Why? Reference answers • I like three aspects about traveling. First, by traveling I can enjoy the beautiful scenery, thus making myself relaxed and refreshed. Second, I can meet different people, get some ideas of different traditions and customs, and taste different local foods. In this way, I can understand how other people live. Third, traveling will not only help me gain knowledge about the outside world, but also make me less > Pre-reading narrow-minded. Traveling does benefit me both mentally and physically. • I dislike three aspects about traveling. First, for me, traveling requires a considerable amount of money and energy. The transport and accommodation may be expensive. Moreover, I often get tired before arriving at the destination, and even more tired on the journey home. Besides, I may run into difficulties while traveling abroad, because I know little about foreign languages. > Video appreciation Watch a video “Why Traveling Is Important” and answer the question. What are the benefits of traveling mentioned in it？ Reference answers First, the travel memories you collect are like treasures. You will feel good when you look back to see adventures and unique experiences you’ve gone through. Second, traveling is a great opportunity to temporarily get away from your everyday life and look at it from a different point of view. You will have a better perspective. Third, when you travel you get out of your comfort zone. You learn that > Video appreciation the world is diverse and it helps you understand people that are different from you. Fourth, traveling actually makes you smarter. Fifth, traveling helps you to know yourself better. Last but not least, the best part of traveling is the people you meet along the way. Together, you share your stories, opinions and experience things. In a word, when you travel, you will get more confident and learn what is good for you. > Text-study l Text reading l Organization of the text l Language points > Text-reading Does travel broaden the mind? 1 We often hear people say that travel broadens the mind. If you stay at home your whole life, your ideas remain narrow; if you travel, you see new customs, meet new people, eat new food, do new things, and come back home more broad-minded. 2 But does this always happen? An acquaintance of mine who lives in England had never been abroad until last summer when he decided to go to France for a trip. When he returned, I asked him how he liked it. “Terrible,” was his answer. “I couldn’t get a nice cup of tea anywhere. Thank goodness I’m back.” I asked him whether he had any good food while he was there. “Oh, the dinners were all right,” he said. “I found a little place where they made quite good fish and chips. Not as good as ours, mind you, but they > Text-reading were acceptable. But the breakfasts were terrible. I had fried eggs and chips, but it takes quite an effort to get the French to make them. And when I asked for marmalade, they brought strawberry jam. And do you know, they insisted that it was marmalade? The trouble is they don’t know English.” 3 I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word “marmalade” from French, and that it means, in that language, any kind of jam. So I said, “But didn’t you eat any of the famous French food?” “What? Me?” he said. “Of course not! Give me good old English food every time! None of those fancy bits for me!” Clearly, traveling had not broadened his mind. He had gone to France determined to live there exactly as if he were in England and had judged it entirely from his own English viewpoint. 4 This does not, of course, happen only to Englishmen in France. People of > Text-reading all different races, in all foreign countries, can be found judging what they see, hear, taste, and smell according to their own habits and customs. People who have read a lot about foreign countries tend to be more ready to accept and adjust to foreign things, but this is because their minds have already been broadened before they start traveling. In fact, it is easier to be broad-minded about foreign habits and customs if one’s acquaintance with these things is limited to books and films. The Englishmen read about the sanitary arrangements in a certain tropical country, and the inhabitants of the latter read about cold and often rainy weather in London, and each side manages to be detached and broad-minded. But actual physical contact with things one is not used to is much more difficult to bear. 5 Physical differences, however, are not so difficult to adapt to as religious > Text-reading and ethical ones. Indonesians are trained from earliest childhood to give and receive things with the right hand only. The left hand is considered unclean. When a foreigner offers an Indonesian something with his left hand, or holds out his left hand to take something he is being offered, the Indonesian may explain this action rationally as arising from a difference in custom, but the deep prejudice against the use of the left hand, which they have been lectured about over and over again since they were young, will not be so easily done away with. 6 There are some travelers who adapt so successfully to foreign customs and habits that they are often severely criticized by their more stubborn fellow countrymen. If they are Asians, they are accused of having become “Westernized”; and if they are Europeans, people say they have “gone native’. > Text-reading Which is better: rigid, self-satisfied prejudice against foreign things or loss of your certainty that your own country’s habits and customs are the only right ones? 7 Perhaps the ideal would be that travel could make people tolerant of the habits and customs of others without abandoning their own. Shouldn’t the standard for judging a foreigner be: Do they try to be polite and considerate to others? instead of: Are they like me? > Organization of the text 1-3 ) Part I (Paras. ______ Topic: Travel doesn’t always broaden the mind. Structure Part II (Paras. ______ 4-5 ) Argumentation: 1. Actual physical contact with things one is not used to is difficult to bear. 2. Religious and ethical differences are even more difficult to adapt to. Part III (Paras. ______ 6-7 ) Conclusion: Travel could make people tolerant of the habits and customs of others without abandoning their own. > Language points broad-minded (Para. 1) a. willing to listen to other people’s opinions and accept behavior that is different from your own 心胸开阔的 后缀-minded可放在一些形容词后构成新的形容词，表示“具有 某种特点的；持有某种态度或观点的”。 如：narrow + minded = narrow-minded 心胸狭隘的，气量小的； absent + minded = absent-minded 心不在焉的，健忘的。 > Language points Not as good as ours, mind you, but they were acceptable. (Para. 2) 说真的，虽然不像我们做得那么好，但是可以接受。 mind you用作插入语，意为“请注意”。 这里水很深，你请注意不要掉下去。 The water’s deep here, mind you, don’t fall in. 他们提供很好的服务。提醒你一下，他们要价很高。 They provide a good service. Mind you, they charge enough for it. > Language points I had fried eggs and chips, but it takes quite an effort to get the French to make them. (Para. 2) 我吃过煎鸡蛋和炸土豆条，但是让法国人做出这些东西来可 就费事了。 句中 it 为形式主语，to get the French to make them为逻辑主语。 记新英语单词是轻松的事情。 It is an easy task to remember the new words in English. > Language points I had fried eggs and chips, but it takes quite an effort to get the French to make them. (Para. 2) 我吃过煎鸡蛋和炸土豆条，但是让法国人做出这些东西来可 就费事了。 quite a / an / some: used before a noun for emphasizing that sth. is unusual or interesting （后接名词表示强调）相当（不寻常或有 趣） 科比·布莱恩特是一名优秀的篮球运动员。 Kobe Bryant was quite a good basketball player. > Language points insist (Para. 2) v. to say firmly and repeatedly that sth. is true, esp. when other people think it may not be true 坚称；坚决认为 本坚持认为他是对的。 Ben insisted that he was right. 珍妮的朋友们坚称她已经尽力了。 Jenny’s friends insisted she had tried her best. > Language points I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word “marmalade” from French, and that it means, in that language, any kind of jam. (Para. 3) 我想，向他解释marmalade一词是从法语借来的，在法语中这个 词指任何一种果酱，这是没用的。 我们有时可以用it作为先行宾语。如果动词的宾语是动词不定 式词组或从句，并带有形容词或名词补语，就用it作先行宾语。 该结构为“主语 + 动词 + it + 补语 + 动词不定式 / 从句”。可 以构成该结构的动词有find、make、feel、consider、regard等。 你觉得创建一个新平台值得吗？ Do you find it worthwhile to create a new platform? 老板觉得没有必要向他的员工提及这件事。 The boss didn’t feel it necessary to mention this to his employees. > Language points I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word “marmalade” from French, and that it means, in that language, any kind of jam. (Para. 3) 我想，向他解释marmalade一词是从法语借来的，在法语中这个 词指任何一种果酱，这是没用的。 不定式 to explain 后面跟了两个由that引导的宾语从句。 > Language points (be) determined to do sth. (Para. 3) 决心做某事 这个足球队决心赢得比赛。 This football team was determined to win the game. > Language points from sb.’s own viewpoint (Para. 3) 从某人的角度考虑 试着从孩子的角度想问题。 Try to think of it from the child’s viewpoint. > Language points People of all different races, in all foreign countries, can be found judging what they see, hear, taste, and smell according to their own habits and customs. (Para. 4) 你会发现所有不同种族的人到了外国都依然按照他们自己的 风俗习惯来判断看到、听到、尝到和闻到的东西。 介词短语of all different races和in all foreign countries为后置定 语，修饰people。 > Language points People of all different races, in all foreign countries, can be found judging what they see, hear, taste, and smell according to their own habits and customs. (Para. 4) 你会发现所有不同种族的人到了外国都依然按照他们自己的 风俗习惯来判断看到、听到、尝到和闻到的东西。 be found doing sth.表示“被发现正在做某事或处于某种状态”。 那个艺术系学生被发现试图复制雕像。 The art student was found trying to copy the statue. > Language points People of all different races, in all foreign countries, can be found judging what they see, hear, taste, and smell according to their own habits and customs. (Para. 4) 你会发现所有不同种族的人到了外国都依然按照他们自己的 风俗习惯来判断看到、听到、尝到和闻到的东西。 judging为现在分词作主语补足语。 > Language points adjust to sth. (Para. 4) 适应某事物；习惯某事物 她花了几秒钟来适应黑暗。 It took her several seconds to adjust to the darkness. > Language points acquaintance (Para. 4) n. sb. you know, but who is not a close friend 熟人 他是我父母的熟人。 He was an acquaintance of my parents. > Language points acquaintance (Para. 4) n. sb. you know, but who is not a close friend 熟人 acquaintance 还有“所知；了解（knowledge or experience of a particular subject）”的意思。 他们对哲学了解很少或者不了解。 They had little or no acquaintance with philosophy. > Language points But actual physical contact with things one is not used to is much more difficult to bear. (Para. 4) 但真正亲身接触自己不习惯的事物却难以忍受得多。 本句中 one is not used to 为定语从句，先行词是 things。引导定 语从句的关系代词that被省略了。关系代词who、whom、which 和that在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 和你谈话的那个人是谁? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 有什么你想要的吗？ Is there anything (that) you wanted? > Language points But actual physical contact with things one is not used to is much more difficult to bear. (Para. 4) 但真正亲身接触自己不习惯的事物却难以忍受得多。 be / get used to (doing) sth.: 习惯于（某事物） 我每天乘公共汽车去学校,所以我习惯了。 I go to school by bus every day, so I’m used to it. > Language points Physical differences, however, are not so difficult to adapt to as religious and ethical ones. (Para. 5) 比起宗教和伦理的差异来说，适应具体的、实在的差异却没那 么困难。 not so ... (as): used for saying that one person or thing has less of a particular quality than another 不如…… 这个想法不如听起来那么完美。 The idea is not so perfect as it sounds. 形势不如描述得那么糟糕。 The situation is not so bad as has been described. > Language points Physical differences, however, are not so difficult to adapt to as religious and ethical ones. (Para. 5) 比起宗教和伦理的差异来说，适应具体的、实在的差异却没那 么困难。 adapt to意为“适应”。 大多数学生适应大学生活没什么困难。 Most students have little difficulty adapting to college life. > Language points Physical differences, however, are not so difficult to adapt to as religious and ethical ones. (Para. 5) 比起宗教和伦理的差异来说，适应具体的、实在的差异却没那 么困难。 adapt oneself to: 使自己适应 孩子们很快就适应了在小镇生活。 The children adapted themselves quickly to living in a small town. > Language points hold out (Para. 5) 伸出 她笑了笑，伸出了她的右手。 She smiled and held out her right hand. > Language points hold out (Para. 5) 伸出 hold out 还有“坚持”的意思。 我本应坚持要求更好的条件。 I should have held out for a better deal. > Language points explain … as … (Para. 5) 意为“把……解释为”。 这个学生解释说他旷课是因为交通堵塞。 The student explained his absence from class as a result of a traffic jam. > Language points arise from / out of (Para. 5) 由……引起；由……产生 事故起因于粗心大意。 Accidents arise from carelessness. > Language points prejudice against sth. / sb. (Para. 5) 对某事物 / 某人的偏见 他们指责他歧视女性员工。 They accused him of having a prejudice against his women employees. > Language points do away with (Para. 5) to get rid of sth. 摆脱；废除 医生建议那个人改掉那些有可能损害他健康的坏习惯。 The doctor suggested the man do away with the bad habits that might damage his health. > Language points There are some travelers who adapt so successfully to foreign customs and habits that they are often severely criticized by their more stubborn fellow (Para. 6) countrymen. 有的旅行者非常成功地适应了国外的风俗习惯，因此，他们经 常遭到本国较为固执的同胞们的严厉批评。 so … that …意为“如此……以至于…… ”。so后跟形容词或副 词，that引导结果状语从句。 这节课很有趣，所有的学生都听老师讲课，丝毫没有分心。 The lesson was so interesting that all the students listened to their teacher without any distraction. > Language points criticize (Para. 6) v. to express your disapproval of sb. or sth., or to talk about their faults 批评；指责 她的画作受到许多人的批评。 Her paintings have been criticized by many people. > Language points accuse (Para. 6) v. to say that sb. has done sth. bad 指责 她的助手被警方指控偷窃和诈骗。 Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police. 我不想指责他撒谎。 I do not want to accuse him of telling lies. > Language points go native (Para. 6) to start living like local people when you are in another country 过当地人的 生活；入乡随俗 游客们决定过当地人的生活并品尝当地美食。 The tourists decided to go native and sample the local cuisine. > Language points tolerant (Para. 7) a. allowing people to do, say, or believe what they want without punishing or criticizing them 宽容的；容忍的 我们应当能容的下别人的意见，即使我们与他们观点不和。 We should be tolerant of the views of others, even if we disagree with them. > Language points Shouldn’t the standard for judging a foreigner be: Do they try to be polite and considerate to others? instead of: Are they like me? (Para. 7) 评判外国人的标准难道不应该是看他是否努力做到礼貌而又顾 及别人的感受，而不是看他的行为举止是否和我的一样吗？ 本句为含有情态动词 should 的反问句。 > Language points Shouldn’t the standard for judging a foreigner be: Do they try to be polite and considerate to others? instead of: Are they like me? (Para. 7) 评判外国人的标准难道不应该是看他是否努力做到礼貌而又顾 及别人的感受，而不是看他的行为举止是否和我的一样吗？ considerate: 体贴的 我认为他是我见过的最有魅力,最体贴的人。 I think he’s the most charming, most considerate man I’ve ever known. > Exercises l Comprehension l Vocabulary and structure l Banked cloze l Translation l Oral work > Comprehension 1 Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. 1 Why didn’t the writer’s acquaintance enjoy his trip to France? A. The dinners were terrible. B. He could not get English marmalade. C. He looked at things in his English way. D. He didn’t taste any famous French food. 2 Which of the following is true about people who have read a lot? A. They usually travel a lot to broaden their minds. B. They can easily adapt to new customs and habits. C. They know a lot about foreign habits and customs. D. They are more likely to accept foreign customs and habits. > Comprehension 1 Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. 3 What does the writer want to illustrate with the example of the Indonesians? A. Indonesians are very particular about the use of hands. B. It is important to know religious and ethical differences. C. People can accept differences which involve physical contact. D. People can’t bear to have physical contact with things they are not used to. 4 What is the criticism against people who have successfully adapted to foreign customs? A. They have forgotten their own habits and customs. B. They hold prejudice against their native habits and customs. C. They are too rigid and self-satisfied to be able to accept foreign things. D. They are no longer certain that their own customs are the only right ones. > Comprehension 2 Read the passage again. Work in groups and discuss the questions. What problems will people encounter when they travel abroad? And what suggestions does the writer make? Reference answers When people travel abroad, they need to adjust themselves to not only physical differences but religious and ethical ones as well. The writer suggests people be tolerant of the habits and customs of the foreigners without abandoning their own. > Vocabulary and structure 1 Write down the words according to their definitions. The first letter of each word is given for your reference. riticize 1 c __________ v. to express your disapproval of sb. or sth., or to talk about their faults cquaintance n. sb. you know, but not very well 2 a __________ etached 3 d__________ a. not reacting to or becoming involved in sth. in an emotional way __________ a. always thinking and caring about other people’s feelings, 4 c onsiderat e wants, needs, etc. ancy 5 f __________ a. having a lot of decoration or bright colors, or made in a complicated way thical 6 e __________ a. relating to principles of what is right and wrong > Vocabulary and structure 2 Complete the sentences with the words or expressions given below. Change the form if necessary. accuse be limited to certainty do away with viewpoint go native 1 To ease congestion, the number of visitors to the national park will _____________ 20,000 per day. be limited to 2 The museum’s unreasonable rules for visitors should have been done away with years ago. _____________ certainty 3 Because of bad weather, they can’t predict with any degree of_________ when the package will arrive. > Vocabulary and structure 2 Complete the sentences with the words or expressions given below. Change the form if necessary. 4 Visitors are often ___________ accused of polluting the local environment and putting pressure on natural resources. go native 5 Despite the tour guide’s suggestion, the tourists refused to __________ and taste the local cuisine. viewpoint there continues to be a growing 6 From a manufacturer’s ___________, need to provide value-added services to agents. > Vocabulary and structure 3 Add the suffix “-minded” to the words given below. Then complete the sentences with the words thus formed. Tips 后缀-minded可放在一些形容词后构成新的形容词，表示 “具有某种特点的；持有某种态度或观点的”。如： broad + minded = broad-minded 心胸开阔的。 > Vocabulary and structure 3 Add the suffix “-minded” to the words given below. Then complete the sentences with the words thus formed. like open narrow single absent open-minded enough to admit that not all his 1 The well-known writer is ____________ novels are of the highest quality. 2 She has a group of ____________ like-minded friends — they have shared interests in music and traveling. single-minded commitment to the job meant that she had little 3 Mary’s ____________ time left for her family. > Vocabulary and structure 3 Add the suffix “-minded” to the words given below. Then complete the sentences with the words thus formed. 4 Some people easily give up a chance probably because of a(n) _____________ and negative point of view. narrow-minded 5 The tour guide was rather ____________; absent-minded she kept forgetting where she’d left her handbag. > Vocabulary and structure 4 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English using “it”. Tips 如果动词的宾语是不定式，并带有形容词或名词作宾 语补足语，那么就用it作先行宾语，而把不定式放到补 语后面，构成形式宾语句，其结构为“主语 + 动词 + it + 补语 + 不定式”。 > Vocabulary and structure 4 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English using “it”. Sample I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word “marmalade” from French (解释我们从法语借来 marmalade 一词是没有用的), and that it means, in that language, any kind of jam. it difficult to understand him (很难理解他). 1 We found ________________________ > Vocabulary and structure 4 Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English using “it”. it wrong not to invite her (不邀请她是错的). 2 They thought _____________________ it my honor to serve the people (为人民服务是我的荣幸). 3 I count __________________________ it his duty to tell her the secret (告诉她这个秘密是他 4 George believed _________________________ 的责任). it unnecessary to argue with her friends (和她朋友吵 5 The woman judges ________________________________ 架是没有必要的). > Banked cloze Fill in the blanks with suitable words given below. You may not use any of the words more than once. tolerant harmonious relieved enhance sanitary fancy related criticize social protect The importance of tourism is not only recognized through economic factors. It has many positive 1) ________ social impacts. First, tourism helps 2) protect ________ local culture. It is the local culture that the tourists are often coming to visit. Therefore, many destinations will make an effort to preserve their culture. For example, they build museums and galleries and try out other fancy 3) _________ ways to showcase the local customs and traditions. Second, tourism helps 4) __________ enhance local services. Local developers often construct > Banked cloze Fill in the blanks with suitable words given below. You may not use any of the words more than once. tolerant harmonious relieved enhance sanitary fancy related criticize social protect sanitary systems, improve bus services, etc. to meet new roads and new 5) _________ the needs of the tourists. Third, tourism empowers communities. Having to meet numerous visitors every day, local people learn to be more 6) ___________ of others. Such tolerance could help them build a healthier tolerant family and a more 7) ___________ harmonious community. As we can see, the tourist industry does not stand alone — it is closely 8) ___________ to many other related parts of society. > Translation 1 Translate the sentences from the passage into Chinese. 1 In fact, it is easier to be broad-minded about foreign habits and customs if one’s acquaintance with these things is limited to books and films. 事实上，如果一个人对外国风俗习惯的了解只停留在书本和电影上， ___________________________________________________________ 那么他对这些风俗习惯就比较容易做到宽容大度。 ___________________________________________________________ 2 Perhaps the ideal would be that travel could make people tolerant of the habits and customs of others without abandoning their own. 理想的状况或许是，旅行能够使人宽容地对待别国的风俗习惯，而 ___________________________________________________________ 又不放弃自己的风俗习惯。 ___________________________________________________________ > Translation 2 Translate the Chinese paragraph into English with the help of the words given in brackets. 在中国，不少乡村通过积极创新旅游发展模式，理性开发旅游资源， 促进了乡村旅游 (rural tourism) 的蓬勃发展。乡村旅游让城市居民摆 脱生活和工作中的琐事，亲近自然，开阔心胸。(rationally, do away with, broaden the mind) In China, many villages have promoted the vigorous development of rural ____________________________________________________________ tourism by actively innovating tourism development modes and ____________________________________________________________ rationally developing tourism resources. Rural tourism enables people in cities to do ____________________________________________________________ away with the chores of life and work, get closer to nature, and broaden the ____________________________________________________________ mind. ____________________________________________________________ Oral Homework There are a lot of great travelers in China’s history. Discuss in groups who they are and the contributions they’ve made to China and even the world. > Oral work There are a lot of great travelers in China’s history. Discuss in groups who they are and the contributions they’ve made to China and even the world. Reference answers Xu Xiake is a Chinese travel writer and geographer of the Ming Dynasty, known best for his famous geographical treatise, and noted for his bravery and humility. He traveled throughout China for more than 30 years, documenting his travels extensively. The records of his travels were compiled posthumously in The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake. Xu’s writing falls under the old Chinese literary category of “travel record literature”, which used narrative and prose styles of writing to > Oral work portray one’s travel experiences. It is acclaimed for its high literary quality, including engaging personal narratives and elegant prose and poems on natural scenes in classical Chinese. Xu traveled throughout the provinces of China, often on foot, to write his enormous geographical and topographical treatise, documenting various details of his travels, such as the locations of small gorges, or mineral beds. Xu’s work was quite systematic, providing accurate details of measurement and his work, later collated by Ding Wenjiang, reads more like the accounts of a 20th-century field survey by an early 17th-century scholar. Xu made the important realization that the Jinsha river > Oral work network — and not the Min or Yalong — formed the true headwaters of the Yangtze River, correcting a mistake in Chinese geography as old as The Tribute of Yu (《禹贡》) compiled by Confucius in The Classic of History (《尚书》). Unit4 Cultural Exchanges Week 11-12 Gengdan Academy of Design Contents Part Three: Grammar &Writing l Nominative absolute structures (独立主格结构) l Exercises 独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分（非谓语动词、形容词、副词 或介词短语等）构成。独立主格结构在结构上不与主句发生关系，但在 意义上与主句紧密相关。独立主格结构的位置很灵活，一般置于句首或 句尾，有时也会出现在句中。独立主格结构可以表示时间、条件、原因、 方式和伴随状况等。独立主格结构有以下常见类型： 一、名词 / 代词 + 现在分词 名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻 辑上的主谓关系。如： • Minutes ticking by, Sherry realized she only had an hour left to finish her report. (表时间) • Weather permitting, we will go there on foot. (表条件) • The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (表原因) 二、名词 / 代词 + 过去分词 名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，与过去分词构成逻 辑上的动宾关系或系表结构。如： • Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. (表时间) • He entered the classroom, a book tucked under his arm. (表方式和伴随状况) • Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. (表原因) 三、名词 / 代词 + 不定式 名词或代词是不定式所表示的动作的执行者，与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓 关系，不定式多表示将来的动作。如： • A week to go before the race, he took extra care of his diet and rested sufficiently. (表时间) • They said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. (表方式和伴随状况) 四、名词 / 代词 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 形容词、副词、介词短语常用来说明名词或代词的特征、性质或所处状 态。如： • Hands in pockets, he waited for the bus patiently. (表方式和伴随状况) • The meal over, we began to work again. (表时间) 五、介词 with 与 without 引导的独立主格结构 这种结构是 with / without + 宾语 + 宾语补足语，其中宾语通常由名词或 代词充当，宾语补足语可以是名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、 不定式、现在分词或过去分词。 • Frank stared at his friend, with his mouth open. • She went to the market, with her child behind. • He returned home, with a lot of problems to settle. • Without one more word spoken, she left the meeting room. 1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the sentences. 1 Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 2 An expert ______ us, we will work out the problem. A. will help B. helping C. to help D. having helped 1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the sentences. 3 Nobody ______ any more to say, the meeting was closed. A. has B. having C. to have D. had 4 With nothing ______ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave 1 Choose the best answer to complete each of the sentences. 5 It was a pity that the great writer died ______ his works unfinished. A. without B. with C. of D. from 2 Correct the sentences. 1 The girl hid her box without anyone knew where it was. The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. _____________________________________________________________________ 2 The kid feels excited with his painting was praised by his teacher. The kid feels excited with his painting praised by his teacher. _____________________________________________________________________ 3 The boy was walking with his father was ahead. The boy was walking with his father ahead. _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Correct the sentences. 4 He stood at the door with a cup was in his hand. He stood at the door with a cup in his hand. ____________________________________________________________________ 5 So many people were absent, the meeting had to be called off. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. ____________________________________________________________________ l Argumentative essays l Exercises 议论文是用来阐述作者观点的文章，其写作目的是说服读者同意并接 受某个观点。 议论文有三要素： 1 明确的论点。论点是作者阐述和说明的立场和观点。它通常是一个 有争议的观点。 2 充分的论据。论据是作者用来证明论点的依据。常用到的论据有一 般常识、具体事例、统计数据、权威的意见和真理、定律等。 3 符合逻辑的论证。论证是用论据来证明自己观点的过程和方法。议 论文中常用的论证方法有例证法、反证法、列举法、对比法、推理法 等。 下面我们通过一篇例文来体会议论文的特点。 The school uniform question Most people believe in the right to dress freely. This belief, however, is coming under fire in the public school classroom. The issue in question is whether to wear school uniforms. Should public school students be allowed to make individual decisions about clothing, or should all students be required to wear a uniform? I think students should wear school uniforms for three reasons. First, wearing school uniforms would help make students’ lives simpler. They would no longer have to decide what to wear every morning. Uniforms would not only save time but also eliminate the stress often associated with this chore. Second, school uniforms empower students to act responsibly in groups and as individuals. Uniforms convey a message to students that school is a special place for learning. In addition, uniforms create a feeling of unity among students. For example, when students do something as a group, such as attending meetings in the auditorium or having lunch in the cafeteria, the fact that they all wear the same uniform gives them a sense of community. Finally, school uniforms would help make all the students feel equal. Students’ living standards differ greatly. People sometimes forget that school is a place to provide education, not to promote a “fashion show”. Implementing mandatory (强制性的) school uniforms would make all the students look the same regardless of their financial status. Thus school uniforms could help protect the self-esteem of students who cannot afford to wear expensive clothing. In conclusion, there are many benefits of requiring students to wear school uniforms. Public schools should do so in order to benefit both the students and the school as a whole. 评析：本文第一段提出了一个有争议的话题，即学校是否应该要求学 生统一穿校服，并开门见山地提出了作者的观点 — 学生应统一穿校服。 第二、三、四段分别从校服利于简单生活、增强群体归属感和促进校 园平等三个角度对论点进行了论证。论证过程中采用了例证法等论证 方法。例如，第三段列举学生参加会议或集体就餐的例子，说明穿校 服有利于增强群体归属感。最后一段收尾，再次强调了作者的观点， 回归主题。 1 Read the essay below. Choose the correct answer to complete each of the sentences. The purpose of university education A) There is no doubt that helping students find a job is one of the primary functions of university education, but universities do exist for other purposes, too. B) University education can be seen as a process of improving students’ analytical thinking. The variety of courses offered at university inspires students in various ways, therefore improving their analytical ability. For example, science courses help students develop a rational way of thinking whereas courses in social sciences allow students to recognize the ideas that have been traditionally assumed to be acceptable. With the of these types of analytical thinking, graduates can face future challenges with more confidence and enthusiasm. Also, university education is expected to improve students’ moral standards. This is rooted in the universities’ belief that students’ awareness of responsibility toward their community and their country is of high importance. Nowadays, students are encouraged to actively participate in improving the local community. A university that provides care and facilities for physically disadvantaged students may inspire the graduates to better handle situations in the future where they may have to interact with the disabled community. Successful university education is expected to produce morally sound graduates, therefore increasing their social responsibility. In conclusion, university education should help students find a decent job but, more importantly, it should help them develop other qualities such as enhancing their analytical skills and cultivating their spirit. persuasive (persuasive / informative). 1 The essay is intended to be __________ 2 The thesis statement of the essay is ___________ Sentence A (Sentence A / Sentence B). examples (examples / statistics) to support the argument in 3 The writer uses __________ the essay. 4 The process of argumentation of Paragraph 2 is __________. A. Topic sentence — further explanation — example — conclusion B. Topic sentence — definition — further analysis — conclusion Homework 2 Write an argumentative essay in English entitled “Should college students follow fashion”. Use the information given below. 许多大学生打扮得越来越时尚。一些人认为大学生的主要任务是 学习而不是追赶潮流，而有些人却不这样认为。我的看法是…… Unit4 Cultural Exchanges Week 12 Gengdan Academy of Design Part Four: Cultural Express The Belt and Road Initiative The Belt and Road Initiative the Belt and Road Initiative “一带一路”倡议 stimulate v. 鼓励；刺激 coastal a. 沿海的 the Yangtze River Delta 长江三角洲 the Pearl River Delta 珠江三角洲 Bohai Bay 渤海湾 the Silk Road Economic Belt 丝绸之路经济带 the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road 21世纪海 上丝绸之路 The Belt and Road Initiative Scripts: In talking about the Belt and Road Initiative, we can start from 1978. At a CPC Central Committee meeting, the Party made a major decision. China began implementing the reform and opening-up policy. For the next 40 years, the world witnessed China’s rapid development. Now, China has become the world’s second-largest economy. China has the most complete industrial system. The reform and opening-up has changed the lives of almost every citizen. As China has been moving toward an export-oriented economy since 1978, many policies have been adopted, such as stimulating export and foreign investments. During this process, coastal regions saw massive development, The Belt and Road Initiative Scripts: but some inland areas fell behind. China’s economic transformation and upgrades should not be limited to coastal areas, such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and Bohai Bay. As the world economy slowly recovers, how can we expand exports? According to government reports, by 2020, China has built a moderately prosperous society. But inside China, how can we expand our domestic demand? In reforms, how to go deeper? And how can we open up more? For inspiration, we look back on the history. Two thousand years ago, in order to boost economic growth, people explored many trade and cultural exchange routes, connecting civilizations in Asia, Europe, and Africa, which later became known as “Silk Road”. For thousands The Belt and Road Initiative Scripts: of years, it was passed down through generations. Reviewing the past and looking forward from both China’s perspective and a global point of view to bringing the spirit of inclusion, openness, pluralism, diversity and harmony in Chinese culture to today’s world, in 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. This became the Belt and Road Initiative. 1 Watch a video clip and fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. coastal areas 2000 years ago Reform and opening-up Second-largest economy the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road 1 In 1978, at a CPC Central Committee meeting, the Party made a major reform and opening-up policy. decision. China began implementing the ____________________ second-largest economy 2 Now, China has become the world’s _____________________. 3 China’s economic transformation and upgrades should not be limited to ___________________, such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River coastal areas Delta and Bohai Bay. 1 Watch a video clip and fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. coastal areas 2000 years ago Reform and opening-up Second-largest economy the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road thousand years ago in order to boost economic growth, people 4 Two ____________________, explored many trade and cultural exchange routes, connecting civilizations in Asia, Europe and Africa. 5 In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed building the Silk Road the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Economic Belt and _______________________________. . 2 Introduce the origin of the Belt and Road Initiative in class. During the Han Dynasty, the Silk Road began, connecting China and the Far East with the Middle East and Europe. Besides silk, trade along the Silk Road economic belt included fruits and vegetables, livestock, grain, leather and hides, tools, religious objects, artwork, precious stones and metals and — perhaps more importantly — language, culture, religious beliefs, philosophy and science. Commodities such as paper and gunpowder, both invented by the Chinese during the Han Dynasty, had obvious and lasting impacts on culture and history in the West. They were also among the mosttraded items between the East and the West. Today, the Belt and Road Initiative originated in China, but it belongs to the world. It is rooted in history, but oriented toward the future. Since 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative, with policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration and closer people-to-people ties as its main goals, has advanced in solid steps. Significant progress has been made, including a number of landmark achievements. Participating countries have obtained tangible benefits, and their appreciation of and participation in the initiative is growing. 3 Please study the contributions China has made to the world through the initiative, and give a presentation in class. Reference answers With a view to building a global community of shared future, the Belt and Road Initiative upholds the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. Through the initiative China has made a constructive contribution to the reform of the current global governance system and to economic globalization. 1. Extensive consultation: from a Chinese proposal to a global consensus - Building international platforms for extensive consultation. The Belt and Road forum has become an important platform for participating countries and international organizations, enabling more cooperation, closer ties, more exchanges, and enhanced mutual trust. - Strengthening the role of multilateral mechanisms in extensive consultation. Applying the principles of mutual respect and mutual trust, China actively engages in substantive coordination and cooperation on the Belt and Road Initiative with other participating countries, fully utilizing existing multilateral cooperation mechanisms. - Establishing a track two mechanism for dialogue. Through track two channels such as political parties, parliaments, think tanks, local authorities, NGOs, business communities, the media, and institutions of higher learning, China and other B&R countries can engage in diverse communication, dialogue, exchange, and cooperation, focusing on joint efforts to build the Belt and Road. 2. Joint contribution: joining forces to build a harmonious international community. - Building financing platforms for cooperation. - Actively conducting cooperation in third-party markets. 3. Shared benefits: ensuring all parties gain real benefits - Bringing China’s development achievements to other B&R countries. Through the rapid expansion of its demand for imports, China propels economic growth in the B&R countries that export goods to China. Under the cooperation framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, China supports developing countries such as those in Asia, Africa and Latin America to invest more in infrastructure. As a result, the benefits of world economic development are continuously brought to those countries. - Improving people’s wellbeing in other B&R countries. China includes the provision of aid in poverty reduction, agriculture, education, health, environmental protection and other areas into the joint efforts to build the Belt and Road. - Facilitating the transfer of scientific and technological innovations to other B&R countries. China actively conducts cooperation with other B&R countries in space technology and makes its BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, satellite communication systems and satellite meteorological remote sensing technologies available to them. - Promoting green development. Upholding the Paris Agreement, China actively advocates and encourages the integration of green development into the joint efforts to build the Belt and Road. China has signed an MoU on building green Belt and Road with the United Nations Environment Programme, and agreements on cooperation in ecological conservation with over 30 countries along the routes. Homework 1. Make an oral presentation on China’s The Belt and Road Initiative. 2. Review the words and expressions of Reading part in this Unit. 3. Preview the listening and speaking Section of unit 5 in the textbook.